Python
Programming language Computer programming
Datasheet
| Paradigm | Multi-paradigm: object-oriented, procedural (imperative), functional, structured, reflective |
| Designed by | Guido van Rossum |
| Developer | Python Software Foundation |
| First appeared | 20 February 1991; 30 years ago[2] |
| Stable release | 3.10.2 14 January 2022; 13 days ago |
| Preview release | 3.11.0a4 Edit this on Wikidata / 14 January 2022; 13 days ago |
| Typing discipline | Duck, dynamic, strong typing; gradual (since 3.5, but ignored in CPython) |
| OS | Windows, Linux/UNIX, macOS and more |
| License | Python Software Foundation License |
| Filename extensions | .py, .pyi, .pyc, .pyd, .pyo (prior to 3.5), .pyw, .pyz (since 3.5) |
| Major implementations | CPython, PyPy, Stackless Python, MicroPython, CircuitPython, IronPython, Jython |
| Dialects | Cython, RPython, Starlark |
| Influenced by | ABC, Ada, ALGOL 68, APL, C, C++, CLU, Dylan, Haskell, Icon, Java, Lisp, Modula-3, Perl, Standard ML |
| Influenced | Apache Groovy, Boo, Cobra, CoffeeScript, D, F#, Genie, Go, JavaScript, Julia, Nim, Ring, Ruby, Swift |
Description
Python is an interpreted high-level general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with its use of significant indentation. Its language constructs as well as its object-oriented approach aim to help programmers write clear, logical code for small and large-scale projects.
Python is dynamically-typed and garbage-collected. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including structured (particularly, procedural), object-oriented and functional programming. It is often described as a "batteries included" language due to its comprehensive standard library.
Guido van Rossum began working on Python in the late 1980s, as a successor to the ABC programming language, and first released it in 1991 as Python 0.9.0. Python 2.0 was released in 2000 and introduced new features, such as list comprehensions and a cycle-detecting garbage collection system (in addition to reference counting). Python 3.0 was released in 2008 and was a major revision of the language that is not completely backward-compatible. Python 2 was discontinued with version 2.7.18 in 2020.
Python consistently ranks as one of the most popular programming languages.
Books
Mark Lutz - Learning Python 5th edition
[[Mark Lutz - Learning Python, 5th Edition - 2013.pdf]]
Building Skills in Python
[[Building.Skills.in.Python.Steven.F.Lott.2010.pdf]]