Windows Batch
Windows batch scripting
· Programming language · Computer programming · Microsoft Windows · Windows batch sink ·
Arguments
Arg %1 |
Arg %z |
Content |
|---|---|---|
%1 |
~nz |
filename without the extension |
%~x1 |
~nxz |
filename with extension |
%~dp1 |
`x in (%*) do ( | |
| set /A argCount+=1 | ||
| REM argument x file name | ||
| set "argVec[!argCount!]=%%~x" | ||
| REM argument x name without file extension | ||
| set "argVn[!argCount!]=%%~nx" | ||
| ) |
## Variables
### %A vs %a vs \A** when used in batch files
Variables are case sensitive
### Init
```batch
set /A myVar = 1
Assing the numerical value to myVar
/A is the switch used if the value needs to be numeric
Usage
@echo off
set message=Hello World
echo %message%
To display the value of the variable, note that the variable needs to be enclosed in the % sign
SET /A a = 5
SET /A b = 10
SET /A c = %a% + %b%
echo %c%
The scope
Global vs local
By default, variables are global to your entire command prompt session. Call the SETLOCAL command to make variables local to the scope of your script. After calling SETLOCAL, any variable assignments revert upon calling ENDLOCAL, calling EXIT, or when execution reaches the end of file (EOF) in your script.
Environment variables
If you have variables that would be used across batch files, then it is always preferable to use environment variables. Once the environment variable is defined, it can be accessed via the % sign.
Arrays
Creating
Creating an array
set a[0]=1
From a list
@echo off
set list=1 2 3 4
(for %%a in (%list%) do (
echo %%a
))
Iterating
@echo off
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
set topic[0]=comments
set topic[1]=variables
set topic[2]=Arrays
set topic[3]=Decision making
set topic[4]=Time and date
set topic[5]=Operators
for /l %%n in (0,1,5) do (
echo !topic[%%n]!
)
- Each element of the array needs to be specifically defined using the set command.
- The array element name is enclosed on
!....! - The ‘for’ loop with the /L parameter for moving through ranges is used to iterate through the array
keerah: not sure about this statement, look at the first example in #Arguments, it works fine)
Length
The length of an array is done by iterating over the list of values in the array since there is no direct function to determine the number of elements in an array.
Structures
@echo off
set obj[0].Name=Joe
set obj[0].ID=1
set obj[1].Name=Mark
set obj[1].ID=2
set obj[2].Name=Mohan
set obj[2].ID=3
FOR /L %%i IN (0 1 2) DO (
call echo Name = %%obj[%%i].Name%%
call echo Value = %%obj[%%i].IDa in ('echo/^|date') do (
for /f "tokens = %t%-4 delims=.-/ " %%d in ('date/t') do (
set %%a=%%d&set %%b=%%e&set %%c=G IN ('""%ffpath%exiftool.exe" -b "!argVec[%%i]!" -ImageWidth"') DO SET /A pWidth=%%G
ECHO Image dimensions: !pHeight! by !pWidth!
Tokens and Delims
The general syntax of FOR /F commands is:
FOR /F "tokens=n,m* delims=ccc" %%A IN ('some_command') DO other_command %%A %%B %%C
Tokens are the numbers of the items in the list, that divided into tokens by the delimiter
Example:
FOR /F "tokens=2,3 delims= " %%A IN ('PING -a %1') DO IF "%%B"=="[%1]" SET PC=a in ("%STRING%") do (
set AFTER_UNDERSCORE=%%a
)
set var1=Abc_123
rem select from after the underscore to the end
set var2=%var1:*_=%
echo %var2%
ECHO into the same line
echo|set /p ="Executing backup...."
echo|set /p =" backup procedure"
ESC sequences
Colors and styles